Astable

An FFGL source plugin for Resolume Arena and Avenue — six 555 timers on a breadboard, patched into the X, Y and brightness of a television's deflection yoke. Nothing here is drawn as a shape. Each timer is simulated at the component level, and whatever its output and its capacitor are doing is what the yoke is fed. The renderer deposits a fixed quantum of energy per sample interval and spreads it over the distance the beam covered, so brightness proportional to dwell time is what equal energy per unit time means rather than a term applied on top.

Everything follows from that, and none of it is a feature that was added. Two square waves into X and Y give four dots, because the beam sits at a rail, crosses to the next in a single interval and sits again — the corners get nearly all the light and the crossings are faint lines. An RC on an output turns the dots into lines, brightest at the end the beam is slowest at. The capacitors instead of the outputs give curves, because the capacitor waveform is an exponential between Vcc/3 and 2Vcc/3, so every edge of the figure bends. One timer's capacitor into another's pin 5 is FM, because the control-voltage pin is the threshold, so driving it sweeps both frequency and duty. And a yoke is magnetic: coil current lags voltage through L/R, so fast edges round off and the figure is squarer at low frequency than at high.

The figure precesses and breathes because the oscillators are free-running and nothing is phase-locked, so two channels a capacitor's tolerance apart beat at a few hertz and walk through every phase relationship. That crawl is the charm, and it is also why the four dots take a full beat period to all appear.

The controls are parts rather than sliders. Resistors are 1 kΩ–1 MΩ and capacitors 1 nF–100 µF, as a decade plus a fine multiplier, so a value reads off like a real part — 100 nF × 1.01 is a 100 nF capacitor that is 1% high, which is what two parts out of the same bag are — and the panel shows the real units: 10.0 kR, 101.0 nF, 76% high, 1.34 ms. Reset is pin 4, and off holds the output low and discharges the capacitor. The Maddi mark/space trick puts a pot across the timing path so charge and discharge share one total resistance, which moves the duty and leaves the period where it was.

The tube is measured too. Eight phosphors come from a real table: P4 is the monochrome television white and the default, P22 is a colour set's three phosphors driven as one white with the red's millisecond lag intact, and the other six are vectrix's scope phosphors. Changing phosphor changes the brightness, because the efficiencies are real. There are eighty-seven controls in eleven groups, and the honest answer to how to use it is to start from a preset — each of the seven is a whole breadboard rather than a set of slider positions.

Astable is the other half of a pair with vectrix, which credits the same source: vectrix is an oscillator and a pedalboard into a lab scope, and Astable is six 555s on a breadboard into a television, with resistors and capacitors for controls. It uses vectrix's beam renderer. Both were inspired by Ms Mad Lemon's What A 555 Timer Looks Like On A CRT TV and its follow-ups, which do exactly this with real 555s and a real television.